According to an aspect of the present invention, medical copolymers are provided which comprise (a) a polymer backbone comprising (i) a plurality of —C═C— groups within the polymer backbone, (ii) a plurality of -R9- groups within the polymer backbone, wherein R9 comprises a radical-substituted C2-C10 cyclic or heterocyclic group, or (iii) both a plurality of —C═C— groups and a plurality of -R9- groups within the polymer backbone (b) a plurality of hydrocarbon-based pendant groups along the polymer backbone that comprise a saturated or unsaturated carbon chain of at least four carbons in length, and (c) a plurality of zwitterionic pendant groups along the polymer backbone that comprise a positively charged quaternary ammonium group and a negatively charged phosphate group. Further aspects of the invention, among others, relate to methods of forming such copolymers, medical products that contain such copolymers, and methods of making such medical products.