Disclosed is a method for producing an aromatic polymer characterized in that an aromatic compound represented by the formula (I) below is polycondensed in the presence of a palladium complex containing a phosphine compound represented by the formula (II) below. (I) (In the formula (I), Ar represents a bifunctional organic group containing an aromatic ring; X represents a halogen atom, a nitro group or a group expressed as —SO3Q (wherein Q is an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group); Y represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or the like; n is 0 or 1; and M represents a hydrogen atom, a —B(OQ1)2 group (wherein Q1 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group) or the like.) P(R1)3 (II) (In the formula (II), R1 represents a group represented by the formula (III) below or a group represented by the formula (IV) below, and three R1s may be the same as or different from one another, provided that at least one of R1s is a group represented by the formula (III) below.) —C(R2)3 (III) (In the formula (III), R2 represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group.) (IV) (In the formula (IV), R3-R7 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or the like.)