Under the present invention, users are provided with the capability to select how energy will be throttled in shortage conditions. For example, users can promise to throttle or cut energy to devices that they consider noncritical (e.g. television, toaster, stereo) in exchange for a promise that the energy company will continue to give them enough to run more essential devices (e.g. lights, well pump, etc.). As users agree to lower usage in response to a energy shortage, they are provided a higher QoS rating than users who do not offer to lower usage. As a shortage worsens, conserving users will be allocated energy before non-conserving users. Enforcement and fulfillment of obligations established in agreements may be automated to ensure compliance.