The invention relates to a process for producing shaped articles, where a foam layer which includes a polyurethane foam obtained by foaming a composition including an aqueous, anionically hydrophilicized polyurethane dispersion (I), and drying, is thermoformed where the thermoforming takes place at a temperature of from ≧100° C. to ≦200° C. and under a pressure of from ≧50 bar to ≦150 bar, and where additionally during the thermoforming the foam is compressed to ≧25% to ≦100% of its original volume. The foam can be stabilized using ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers. The invention further relates to shape articles obtainable in this way, and to the use thereof, preferably as wound dressings.