The vacuum heating and cooling apparatus can rapidly heat and cool only the substrate after film-forming treatment while maintaining high vacuum. The temperature rise of members in the chamber with time caused by accumulation of heat is suppressed, and the variation of temperature between substrates is decreased. In an embodiment, the heating and cooling apparatus for heating and cooling a substrate in a vacuum, includes: a vacuum chamber; a radiation energy source positioned at the vacuum chamber on an atmosphere side for emitting a heating light; an incidence part for causing the heating light from the radiation energy source to enter the vacuum chamber; a substrate-holding member for holding the substrate; and a substrate-transfer mechanism for transferring the substrate held by the substrate-holding member in a heating state to a heating position proximal to the radiation energy source, and transferring the substrate and the substrate-holding member in a non-heating state to a non-heating position distant from the radiation energy source, wherein the substrate-holding member has a plate shape for placing the substrate thereon and has an outer shape larger than that of the incidence part for causing the heating light to enter the vacuum chamber.