Provided are a high-strength, high-manganese steel wire rod having excellent cold heading quality and not requiring spheroidizing and quenching-tempering treatments during manufacturing a bolt and a method of manufacturing a bolt using the steel wire rod. The method of manufacturing a steel wire rod includes heating a steel containing 12 to 25 wt % of Mn within a temperature range of 1100° C. to 1250° C., hot rolling the heated steel within a temperature range of 700° C. to 1100° C., and cooling the hot rolled steel to a temperature of 200° C. or less and cold caliber rolling or drawing to manufacture a steel wire rod.