A lithium battery is provided. The lithium battery comprises an positive electrode plate having a first surface, a negative electrode plate having a second surface, a first thermal insulating layer and a separator. The first surface is opposite to the second surface. The thermal insulating layer is disposed on one of the first surface and the second surface. The thermal insulating layer is comprised of an inorganic material, a thermal activation material and a binder. The separator is disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate.