The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for efficient contention-based transmission in a wireless communication system. The method for performing contention-based transmission in a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: setting a radio resource control (RRC) connection with a receiver end where the contention-based transmission is received; setting a resource area for the contention-based transmission to allow a collision with other transmission; and transmitting at least one of the data and control information on the resource area, wherein the resource area for the contention-based transmission can be hopped on a physical resource.