A polycarbonate resin which has a high biogenic matter content, excellent moisture absorption resistance, heat resistance, heat stability and moldability, and high surface energy, as well as a production process thereof.The polycarbonate resin contains 30 to 100 mol % of a unit represented by the following formula (1) in all the main chains and has (i) a biogenic matter content measured in accordance with ASTM D6866 05 of 25 to 100%, (ii) a specific viscosity at 20° C. of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.7 g of the resin in 100 ml of methylene chloride of 0.2 to 0.6 and (iii) an OH value of 2.5×103 or less.