A vehicle steering column support structure efficiently supports a steering column. A steering support bracket that supports a steering column is fixed to instrument panel reinforcement disposed along the vehicle width direction between left and right front pillars. A floor brace spans between a side portion of a first support member of the steering support bracket and a side wall portion of a floor tunnel portion. A steering brace spans between a side portion of the first support member and a lower portion of the front pillar. Up-down vibration of the steering column can accordingly be supported by axial force of the floor brace and the steering brace.