To provide a power receiving device having high power-receiving efficiency, able to be fed with power in a short time, and having made lighter and thinner with a smaller number of parts, and a power transmission system for feeding power to the power receiving device with high efficiency, the power receiving device has a resistive film type touch panel which has a movable transparent electrode membrane and a fixed transparent electrode membrane and causes a control unit to perform control to selectively switch between a position detecting circuit which detects a contact position on the touch panel and a power receiving circuit which supplies power received by using a movable transparent electrode as a power receiving electrode in an electric field coupling system to a secondary battery, and the power transmission system includes a power transmitting device which has a power transmission electrode for transmitting power by the electric field coupling system by using the movable transparent electrode membrane as a power receiving electrode in response to the power receiving device placed on the power transmitting device.