An electrode apparatus may be configured Electrode to provide electro-stimulation. The apparatus may include assembly a current spreader and a spongeless volume disposed adjacent to the current spreader. The current spreader may be configured to spatially distribute electrical current across a stimulation area of a subject's skin. The spongeless volume may be configured to carry liquid gel or other fluent conductive substance that is configured to conduct electrical current between the current spreader and the stimulation area of the subject's skin to provide electro-stimulation.