Disclosed are a method for transmitting and receiving data in a wireless access system supporting relay nodes, and an apparatus for same. In particular, the present invention comprises the steps of: sending a request for a retransmission to an adjacent second terminal, in case the recovery of data from a first signal received from a base station fails due to interference by the second terminal adjacent to a first terminal; the first terminal receiving a second signal from the second terminal; and the first terminal recovering data from the first signal, using the second signal, wherein the base station schedules a terminal other than the first and second terminals at the point of transmitting the second signal.