A graphene composite fiber includes graphene sheets and a polymer for aggregating the graphene sheets together. The polymer includes either or both of a hyperbranched polymer and polyvinyl alcohol. The graphene sheets and the polymer are stacked on each other to form a layered structure, and the graphene sheets are regularly arranged along an axial direction of the graphene composite fiber. In a production method of the graphene composite fiber, a graphene oxide is used as a raw material, which significantly improves tensile strength of the graphene composite fiber. Addition of the polymer provides good tenacity for the composite fiber. In a spinning process, rotated coagulant is used to increase a tensile force of a gelatinous fiber, so that the gelatinous fiber has high orientation and tacticity, thereby significantly improving strength of an obtained solid fiber. The final reduction process restores electrical conductivity of a graphene fairly well.