The invention relates to the cosmetic use of at least one compounds according to the following formula (I), as an anti-dandruff agent or for preventing and/or treating scalp dandruff: where “sugar” denotes a monosaccharide residue chosen from rhamnose, xylose, fucose, mannose, lyxose, and arabinose; where R, substituting the anomeric oxygen in the sugar (represented by “O” in formula (I)), denotes a radical comprising 6 to 38 carbon atoms chosen from: —a linear or branched, saturated alkyl radical; —a linear or branched, alkenyl radical; said linear or branched saturated alkyl radical being optionally substituted by at least one OH and/or NH2 function; —if “sugar” denotes a mannose residue, R denotes a linear C6-C38 alkyl radical, substituted by at least one OH function or an NH2 function; and the salts and solvates and/or optical isomers thereof, alone or in a mixture, particularly racemic forms. The invention also relates to compounds according to formula (I), and cosmetic compositions containing same.