An electromagnetic actuator includes a first body which includes a biased permanent magnet, a magnetic path control device which is disposed to adjust a magnetic path produced by the biased permanent magnet, at least one core which is disposed to face the biased permanent magnet and the magnetic path control device, and a coil which is wound on the at least one core so as to reinforce or cancel the magnetic path produced by the biased permanent magnet; and a second body which is separated from the biased permanent magnet and the magnetic path control device when the at least one core is between the second body and at least one of the biased permanent magnet and the magnetic path control device.