Disclosed herein is a device for producing a polymer dispersion solution of core-shell structured silicon nanoparticles. The device includes: a canister for storing silicon nanoparticles; a quantitative feeder for receiving the silicon nanoparticles released from the canister and for quantitatively feeding the same; a mixing tank for mixing block copolymer constituting a shell, and a dispersion solvent, and the silicon nanoparticles fed through the quantitative feeder to form core-shell structured silicon nanoparticles; an ultrasonic disperser for receiving the core-shell structured silicon nanoparticles released from the mixing tank and a dispersion solvent and for dispersing the particles with ultrasonic waves; and a dispersion solvent tank for feeding a dispersion solvent into the mixing tank and the ultrasonic disperser.