Wireless communication devices are adapted to facilitate non-orthogonal underlay transmissions. In one example, wireless communication devices can receive a wireless transmission via a particular time and frequency resource, where the wireless transmission includes a first signal employing a modulation associated with orthogonal wireless communication, and a second signal employing a modulation associated with non-orthogonal wireless communication. The wireless communication device can decode the first signal and the second signal. In another example, wireless communication devices may transmit a first signal utilizing a first type of modulation associated with non-orthogonal wireless communication, where the first signal is transmitted over at least a portion of a time and frequency resource scheduled for a second signal from a second wireless communication device, the second signal utilizing a second type of modulation associated with orthogonal wireless communication. Other aspects, embodiments, and features are also included.