The present invention pertains to the field of printing plates and discloses a planographic printing plate and preparation method. The planographic printing plate comprises: a metal substrate, a hydrophobic priming coat formed on a surface of the metal substrate and a hydrophilic graphic layer formed on the priming coat, wherein the hydrophobic priming coat is formed by a hydrophobic primer liquid through curing, the hydrophilic graphic layer is formed by inkjet-printing and curing a printing plate-making ink on the hydrophobic priming coat. The planographic printing plate according to the present invention may be printed by using water-based ink, so it can avoid the environmental pollution caused by using solvent-based ink during planographic printing. Further, through the cooperation of the hydrophobic priming coat formed by the hydrophobic primer liquid and the hydrophilic graphic layer formed by the printing plate-making ink, printed matters with desirable image resolution can be obtained.