An optical apparatus for Raman scattering microscopy, includes a laser source (10) suitable for emitting a laser beam (11) at an excitation wavelength λ, a microscope objective (14) suitable for receiving the laser beam (11) and focusing the laser beam in an image plane of the microscope objective (14), the focused laser beam (21) being intended to illuminate a sample (20), an optical system suitable for collecting a Raman scattering optical beam (22), and detection elements (16, 17) suitable for detecting the Raman scattering beam (22) collected. More particularly, the Raman scattering microscopy apparatus further includes an adaptive optics system (31, 32, 33) positioned on an optical path of the excitation laser beam (11), on an optical path of the Raman scattering beam (22) or on an optical path common to the excitation laser beam (11) and the Raman scattering beam (22).