Disclosed is a data transmission method. In one aspect, the method comprises: a base station detecting a preset frequency band, and determining whether an idleness of a first time period exists in a subframe p of the preset frequency band in a preset time segment; and if the detection result is yes, a base station scheduling data on N consecutive subframes starting from a following subframe of the subframe p and transmitting the data, and setting A last symbols of a last subframe among the N consecutive subframes to be idle, N and A being both positive integers. In another aspect, the method comprises: a user equipment detecting downlink control signaling (DCI), the DCI being used for scheduling a user equipment to receive or send data in a. subframe p of a preset frequency band; if the DCI is detected, the user equipment determining a last idle symbol B in the subframe p according to the DCI, B being a nonnegative integer; and the user equipment receiving or sending data in the subframe p of the preset frequency band according to the number B of idle symbols B.