The present technology relates to a receiving device, a reception method, a transmitting device, and a transmission method capable of performing an effective filtering process. There is provided a receiving device including a filtering processing unit that performs a filtering process of a packet by using filtering information arranged in a header of the packet transmitted in a first layer that is a layer upper than an IP layer in layers of a protocol of the IP transmission system in a broadcasting wave of digital broadcasting using an IP transmission system. The present technology, for example, can be applied to a television set.