Provided is a three-dimensional culture structure that is excellent in cell adhesion and cell stretching and can be produced efficiently. The three-dimensional culture structure includes cells, a cell support material configured to support the cells, and bioaffinity particles. In a preferable mode, the bioaffinity particles are exposed from at least part of the surface of the cell support material, or the bioaffinity particles are protruded from the cell support material, or a surface area occupation rate at which the bioaffinity particles are exposed is 20% or greater of the entire surface of the three-dimensional culture structure, or the bioaffinity particles are dispersed in the cell support material.