A five-index quantitative analysis of OCT angiograms is disclosed. One method of analyzing an anatomical region of interest of a subject includes acquiring vascular image data from the region of interest and generating a binary vasculature map from the vascular image data. A vessel skeleton map and vessel perimeter map are generated from the binary vasculature map. Based on the three generated maps, a vessel area density, vessel skeleton density, vessel perimeter index, vessel diameter index, and vessel complexity can be determined, in addition to detection of any flow impairment zones in the region of interest. These metrics can be used to detect and assess vascular abnormalities from multiple perspectives.