An apparatus comprising at least one processing circuitry, and at least one memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processing circuitry, wherein the at least one memory and the instructions are configured to, with the at least one processing circuitry, cause the apparatus at least: to analyze a plurality of separate signaling sets with regard to similarities and dissimilarities between at least two of the plurality of the signaling sets for classifying each signaling set into at least one class of signaling sets in accordance with a result of the analysis, wherein the analyzing comprises transforming trace data representing a respective one of the plurality of signaling sets for generating a signaling set sequence according to a sequence model by filtering predetermined information from the trace data, evaluating a distance of signaling sets by using respective signaling set sequences, wherein the distance is indicated by a distance metric, and assigning the respective signaling set to a signaling set class on the basis of the distance metric.