Provided is a microscope device which includes: (1) a light source that outputs illumination light in a wavelength band including a near-infrared region; (2) an illumination optical system that irradiates an observation target with the illumination light output from the light source; (3) an image formation optical system that includes a spectroscopic unit which is configured to receive and disperse transmitted or scattered light produced at the observation target by irradiating the observation target with the illumination light, and that forms an image on the basis of the dispersed transmitted or scattered light; and (4) an image capturing unit that acquires the image formed by the image formation optical system. An illumination-light-irradiated area of the observation target is larger than an area of the field of view of the image formation optical system, and is less than or equal to ten times the area of the field of view.