It is an object of the present invention to provide a thermosetting resin composition which allows stress relaxation in an ester exchange reaction and the long-term use of the thermosetting resin composition having such a structure. A thermosetting resin composition of the present invention contains: an ester bond; and a functional group protected by a protecting group. The functional group is deprotected by external stimulus. The functional group and the ester bond can be subjected to an ester exchange reaction.