A fracture detection system and method for a dumbbell pin of a scraper conveyor. The system comprises a scraper conveyor, a wireless ranging apparatus (2), a wireless communication device, a support controller and a monitoring center. The wireless ranging apparatus (2) is mounted on a ramp plate ledge of a scraper conveyor chute (1), and has a laser range finder and a reflection target plate (24) for detecting a relative displacement between any two adjacent chutes. The wireless communication device realizes communication between the wireless ranging apparatus (2) and the support controller, and transmits the displacement of the laser range finder to the support controller in a wireless transmission manner. The support controller controls an action of the scraper conveyor chute (1). A monitoring center is electrically connected to the support controller, and can perform storage processing on relative displacement data of any adjacent chutes. In the method, by taking a relative displacement value between adjacent chutes as a reference, whether a fracture fault occurs in a dumbbell pin is judged, the position of the fractured dumbbell pin can be accurately determined, and a support controller controls a chute action, thereby having a high promotion and usage value.