This disclosure provides a radiation detection apparatus and a method, a data processing method and a processor, which relates to the field of radiation detection technology. Wherein, the radiation detection apparatus of this disclosure comprises: a radiation detector which generates an electrical signal by interacting with X-rays; an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) which is coupled to the radiation detector and transmits the electrical signal to a waveform data; and a data processor which receives the waveform data from the ADC, determines the number of single photon signals according to the waveform data, and determines whether an integral signal and/or a count signal of the waveform data will be used for imaging according to the number of the single photon signals.