An image processing system is provided that includes an image capturing apparatus configured to generate a plurality of captured images and at least one information processing apparatus connected to the image capturing apparatus. The information processing apparatus includes processing circuitry configured to input at least a first captured image and a second captured image from among the plurality of captured images, acquire first conversion data to be used for converting the first captured image and second conversion data to be used for converting the second captured image, and generate an output image by stitching converted images generated by converting the first captured image based on the first conversion data and the second captured image based on the second conversion data.