A particle counting apparatus is provided that includes: a droplet discharger configured to discharge a droplet containing at least one luminescent particle capable of emitting light upon receiving light; a light irradiator configured to irradiate the droplet discharged by the droplet discharger with light; at least one light receiver configured to receive light emitted by the at least one luminescent particle irradiated with the light emitted by the light irradiator; and circuitry configured to count luminescent particles contained in the droplet based on the light received by the at least one light receiver, the circuitry being configured to measure a presence or absence of the luminescent particles contained in the droplet; and to measure a number of the luminescent particles contained in the droplet.