The present invention relates to a Raman-enhanced substrate fixing device and a Raman-enhanced detecting system. the Raman-enhanced substrate fixing device comprises a fixing base, wherein the fixing base is provided with a substrate receiving portion and a probe connecting portion, the substrate receiving portion is used for receiving a Raman-enhanced substrate, the probe connecting portion is used for connection with a probe of a Raman spectrometer, and the probe connecting portion and the substrate receiving portion are disposed such that light emitted by the probe is capable of being irradiated onto the Raman-enhanced substrate.