Provided herein are method and apparatus for perform radio link monitoring (RLM) based on a Reference signal (RS). An embodiment provides a user Equipment (UE) comprising circuitry configured to: decode a Reference Signal (RS) received from an access node; and determine beam quality for one or more beam pair links (BPLs) of the RS between the UE and the access node based on the decoded RS, wherein each of the BPLs comprises a transmit (Tx) beam of the access node and a receive (Rx) beam of the UE. Also provided is a procedure of RLM. At least some embodiments allow for beam recovery request for UE beam refinement, and allow for determining whether radio link failure (RLF) occurs.