A method for measuring a surface shape of a honeycomb core includes the following steps: coating a reflective film on the surface of the honeycomb core to be measured, using a vacuum adsorption method to adhere the reflective film closely to the surface of the honeycomb core to be measured, and recessing the reflective film at a honeycomb cell downwards; and performing scanning measurement on the reflective film on the surface of the honeycomb core to be measured to obtain the heights of a honeycomb wall of the honeycomb core at different spatial positions. A device carries out the measurement of the surface shape of a honeycomb core.