A system and method for synchronizing publication and subscription of message queues are provided. The method includes: providing a message broker cluster including a plurality of message brokers each having a buffer queue and a data queue; as any one of the message brokers requests a synchronization requirement, selecting, by an orchestration server, one of the message brokers in the message broker cluster to perform data synchronization; setting a data read-lock to the data queue of the selected message broker sequentially to write data contents in the buffer queues of all of the plurality of message brokers into the data queue of the selected message broker; and copying the complete data contents in the data queue of the selected message broker to the data queues of the other message brokers, allowing the data contents in the data queues of each of the message brokers to be consistent.