A quantum dot including a first ligand and a second ligand on a surface of the quantum dot, a composition or composite including the same, and a device including the same. The first ligand includes a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and the second ligand includes a compound represented by Chemical Formula 2: MAn  Chemical Formula 1 wherein M, n, and A are the same as defined in the specification; and wherein, R1, L1, Y1, R, k1, and k2 are the same as defined in the specification.