The present invention relates to a metacognition-based autonomous driving correction device for an autonomous driving system. The autonomous driving correction device includes a driving situation recognition/driving behavior-based determination unit which determines metacognition with respect to a front object recognized during autonomous driving using driving environment recognition information acquired through a vehicle sensor unit and corrects a global route or a local route so as to correspond to selection correction information selected after metacognition is determined, and a driving situation recognition/driving behavior correction terminal unit which outputs pieces of candidate correction information when a driving situation of the front object is determined to correspond to metacognition and then provides the selection correction information selected from among the pieces of output candidate correction information by a driver to the driving situation recognition/driving behavior-based determination unit.