Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for processing representations of EEG measurements. One of the methods includes obtaining a plurality of EEG signal measurements corresponding to respective EEG trials of a user; generating a time-domain representation from the plurality of EEG signal measurements, where the time-domain representation includes a plurality of rows, and where each row corresponds to a different set of one or more EEG signal measurements; applying the time-domain representation as input to a neural network having a plurality of network parameters, final values of the network parameters having been determined by a transfer learning process where the neural network is initially trained to perform an image processing task and the neural network is subsequently trained to perform EEG analysis; and obtaining, from the neural network, a mental health prediction for the user.