A position switching device includes a rotating body, a drive unit, and a plurality of position switching rods. The rotating body has, on a surface, a plurality of position switching groove groups each defining a plurality of switching positions and rotates about one shaft as a rotation axis. The drive unit rotationally drives the rotating body in a first rotation direction or a second rotation direction opposite to the first rotation direction. The plurality of position switching rods each has one end engaged with corresponding one of the plurality of the position switching groove groups and the other end engaged with corresponding one of a plurality of position switching mechanisms.