A textile detection module is suitable for detecting a test specimen. The textile detection module includes a height sensor, an excitation light source, an optical detector, and a focuser. The height sensor is suitable for measuring a height of the test specimen to generate a height signal. The excitation light source provides an excitation light beam. The optical detector is disposed on a transmission path of the excitation light beam and is suitable for receiving the excitation light beam and emitting the excitation light beam along the optical axis and receiving a detection light beam to generate a detection result. The focuser is disposed on the transmission path of the excitation light beam emitted by the optical detector. The focuser includes a focus lens suitable for converting the excitation light beam into a focused excitation light beam. The focused excitation light beam is transmitted from the focuser to the test specimen to generate the detection light beam, wherein the focuser adjusts a position of the focus lens according to the height signal. The height sensor measures the height of the test specimen at a first position of the conveying path, the optical detector performs optical detection on the test specimen at a second position of the conveying path, and the test specimen moves from the first position to the second position along the conveying path.