The present disclosure provides an image decoding method based on a wavelet transform. The method includes: performing entropy decoding on the compressed bitstream to obtain a reconstructed wavelet coefficient; dequantizing the reconstructed wavelet coefficient to obtain a dequantized wavelet coefficient; and performing N inverse wavelet transforms on the dequantized wavelet coefficient based on the wavelet transform model to obtain a reconstructed image, where the wavelet transform model is implemented based on a convolutional neural network (CNN).