Implementations set forth herein relate to an automated assistant that can control a camera according to one or more conditions specified by a user. A condition can be satisfied when, for example, the automated assistant detects a particular environment feature is apparent. In this way, the user can rely on the automated assistant to identify and capture certain moments without necessarily requiring the user to constantly monitor a viewing window of the camera. In some implementations, a condition for the automated assistant to capture media data can be based on application data and/or other contextual data that is associated with the automated assistant. For instance, a relationship between content in a camera viewing window and other content of an application interface can be a condition upon which the automated assistant captures certain media data using a camera.