Methods for treatment of ocular diseases and conditions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial destruction and/or mitochondrial depletion in the eye, are disclosed. These methods comprise the transplantation of viable exogenous, isolated mitochondria to ocular tissues. Mitochondrial transplantation is effective in treatment of, e.g., an ocular manifestation of a disease or disorder in a subject, an ophthalmic disease, disorder or condition associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, and/or an ocular ischemic insult in a subject.