Provided are a temperature control system, a detection system and a temperature control method for a micro-fluidic chip. The temperature control system includes a circuit structure in a functional layer of the micro-fluidic chip, corresponding to a reaction zone of the micro-fluidic chip, and including at least two thermistors and an input port and an output port, wherein the input port and the output port are electrically coupled through the thermistors to form an application circuit; and a controller electrically coupled to each port and configured to select a first input port and a first output port, such that the circuit structure is configured to form a first application circuit as a heating device, and to select a second input port and a second output port, such that the circuit structure is configured to form a second application circuit as a temperature sensor.