The present disclosure pertains to iodinated polysaccharide compounds that comprise a polysaccharide backbone that comprises a plurality of carboxyl groups and a plurality of iodinated side groups. The present disclosure also pertains iodinated polysaccharide compounds in which at least a portion of carboxyl groups that are present in a carboxyl-containing polysaccharide chain are functionalized with a plurality of iodinated side groups. Other aspects of the present disclosure pertain to methods of forming iodinated polysaccharide compounds, medical compositions comprising iodinated polysaccharide compounds, medical procedures comprising introducing such medical compositions into or between tissue of a patient, and medical kits that comprise such medical compositions.