An optical system with aberration correction is disclosed. The optical system may include an illumination source. The optical system may include a detector. The optical system may include one or more collection optics configured to image a sample onto the detector based on illumination from the illumination source. The optical system may include two or more aberration correction plates located in one or more pupil planes of the one or more collection optics. The two or more aberration correction plates may provide at least partial correction of two or more linearly-independent aberration terms. Any particular one of the two or more aberration correction plates may have a spatially-varying thickness profile providing a selected amount of correction for a single particular aberration term of the two or more linearly-independent aberration terms.