A thermal radiation heater includes: a heater element layer including a planar conductive body; at least one front surface side layer including an outermost layer and provided close to a front surface of the heater element layer; and at least one back surface side layer including an outermost layer and provided close to a back surface of the heater element layer. The outermost layer close to the front surface has an emissivity of 0.7 or more, and the outermost layer close to the back surface has an emissivity of 0.6 or less.