Provided is a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) apparatus including a plurality of switches connected in a binary tree structure, a light source and a photodetector respectively connected to a root switch provided on a root node of the binary tree structure, and a light transmission/reception optical system connected to a plurality of terminal switches provided at a plurality of terminal nodes of the binary tree structure, the light transmission/reception optical system being configured to transmit light to an outside of the LiDAR apparatus or receive light from the outside, wherein the root switch is a 2×2 switch including a first upstream side port, a second upstream side port, a first downstream side port, and a second downstream side port, and wherein the light source is connected to the first upstream side port and the photodetector is connected to the second upstream side port.