Embodiments are a high-dynamic-range (HDR) image automatic exposure method and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The HDR image automatic exposure method is applicable to a UAV and includes: obtaining statistical information and a window weight of automatic exposure; obtaining an evaluation value of the automatic exposure according to the statistical information and the window weight that are obtained; obtaining a compensation amount of the automatic exposure according to the evaluation value and an obtained automatic exposure target value; and triggering the automatic exposure when the compensation amount meets a preset trigger condition. Therefore, problems such as inaccurate brightness and darkness and oscillation during automatic exposure can be finally avoided.