An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a magnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a processor operatively connected to the magnetic sensor and the acceleration sensor, wherein the processor is configured to acquire multiple pieces of first magnetic data by using the magnetic sensor in a first area where the electronic device is located, generate a virtual marker corresponding to the first area by using the multiple pieces of first magnetic data, determine the movement of the electronic device on the basis of multiple pieces of first acceleration data in a first direction, the data being acquired by using the acceleration sensor, determine the posture of the electronic device on the basis of multiple pieces of second acceleration data in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction, the data being acquired by using the acceleration sensor, and determine, on the basis of at least one of the movement of the electronic device and the posture of the electronic device, multiple pieces of third magnetic data to be used for comparison with the virtual marker, among multiple pieces of second magnetic data acquired within a designated radius with reference to the first area by using the magnetic sensor.